Avoiding meat? Time for a nutritious and new menu
Pump up the ironVegetarians are at risk of fatigue because they may be short on dietary iron, a mineral necessary for healthy red blood cells, which provide oxygen to muscles and the brain. While meat is a rich source of iron, the mineral is also found in dried peas and beans, lentils, nuts, seeds and dark leafy greens. But there's a catch. Meat supplies heme iron, a form more easily absorbed than the nonheme iron that comes from plant sources. Adding a vitamin-C-rich food at each meal helps the body absorb nonheme iron, so pair a whole-grain cereal with some berries or a bowl of lentil soup with a tomato salad.
For meeting zinc requirements, a mineral necessary for healthy immune system functioning, go for whole grains and legumes. Dairy products, for lacto-vegetarians, are also a super source.
Meet your calcium quotaWith women's concerns about osteoporosis, vegetarianism used to be risky because the practice made it hard to meet calcium quotas. But the range of fortified soy and rice beverages now available provides calcium and some vitamin D, another important nutrient found in milk. When purchasing tofu, look for brands made with calcium. Add dark leafy greens and nuts such as almonds to your shopping cart, since they also provide calcium, although in much lesser amounts.
Dark leafy greens, along with walnuts and flaxseeds, also supply omega-3 fats, the same family of fats that give cold-water fish such as salmon a heart-healthy reputation. Consuming the plant sources on a daily basis is a smart strategy. For egg eaters, go for those labelled as omega-3 eggs.
Vitamin B12 intake is also critical. It's key for healthy red blood cells and nervous system functioning and is found naturally in animal products. Vegans should seek out foods fortified with vitamin B12, such as fortified soy milk, or take a daily B12 supplement.
Becoming a full-fledged vegetarian means learning a few new menu tricks, but it's also a chance to experiment with new flavours in the kitchen.
Here are a few tips for going meatless:
•Use canned legumes for a protein, iron and zinc boost. Drain and rinse them well and then add them to pasta sauces, soups and salads.
•For those who miss the taste and texture of meat, try one of the many meat substitutes made from soy, such as burgers and ground meat. Some vegetarian patties consist only of vegetables but contain no meat alternatives at all, making them a less-than-ideal meat substitute. But for those who dislike anything meatlike, look for meat substitutes containing legumes or soy that specifically don't mimic meat's taste and texture.
•If you regularly eat out, look for restaurants where vegetarian options extend beyond a plate of vegetables or pasta with a cream sauce. Otherwise, you'll be short-changed on both nutrition and satisfaction.
Veggie vocabularyAs vegetarianism becomes more and more popular, so does the number of terms used to describe the practice. Although many people don't consider fish and poultry eaters to be vegetarians, we have assembled this guide to help you keep all of the terminology straight.
Vegan: eats only foods of plant origin
Lacto-vegetarian: enjoys dairy products in addition to plant foods
Ovo-vegetarian: consumes eggs plus plant foods
Lacto-ovo-vegetarian: menu includes dairy products and eggs as well as plant foods
Pesco-vegetarian: eats a variety of fish in addition to plant foods
Pollo-vegetarian: adds poultry to her plant food diet